Eriobotrya japonica is native to the subtropical and temperate regions of East Asia, including Japan, China, and Vietnam. It is cultivated in many other temperate and subtropical regions for its fruits and as an ornamental plant.
Eriobotrya japonica is an evergreen tree that can reach a height of 5-8 meters, but under ideal conditions, it can exceed 10 meters. It has a dense, rounded crown with large, leathery leaves that are ovate-lanceolate in shape, dark green on the upper surface and gray-silvery on the underside. The leaves are characterized by wavy margins and prominent venation.
Flowering occurs in winter or early spring. The flowers are small, white or cream in color, arranged in terminal racemes that emerge from the main branches. The flowers are fragrant and attract pollinating insects. After flowering, the plant produces edible fruits called loquats, which are oval and orange when ripe. The fruits are sweet and slightly tangy, with juicy, aromatic flesh. They contain one to five hard seeds.
Eriobotrya japonica prefers subtropical and temperate climates with warm summers and mild winters. It grows well in well-drained, fertile soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. It is drought-resistant once established but grows best with regular watering during active growth periods. It can tolerate light shade but blooms and fruits better in full sun.
Eriobotrya japonica is valued not only for its fruit but also for its ornamental appeal due to its evergreen foliage and winter flowering. The fruits are consumed fresh or used to make jams, desserts, and beverages. In some cultures, loquat leaves are used in traditional medicine for their purported therapeutic properties, such as reducing cough and aiding digestion. The plant is also salt-tolerant, making it suitable for cultivation in coastal areas.
