Sorbus domestica is native to Southern and Southeastern Europe, as well as Asia Minor. It is cultivated and naturalized in many other temperate regions of the world.
Sorbus domestica is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can reach heights of 10-20 meters. It has a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are compound and pinnate, with 13-21 lanceolate leaflets, dark green on top and lighter underneath. In autumn, the foliage takes on vibrant colors, ranging from yellow to red.
Flowering occurs in late spring. The flowers are small, white or white-pink, and are gathered in corymbs. The fruits are round or pear-shaped pomes, resembling small apples or pears, and vary in color from yellow-green to reddish-brown at maturity. The fruits mature in autumn and are edible after undergoing a brief fermentation process (called ammezzimento) to reduce their astringency.
Sorbus domestica prefers calcareous, well-drained, fertile soils but can adapt to a wide range of soils. It grows well in full sun or partial shade. It is cold-resistant and can tolerate brief periods of drought. It is often found in mixed forests, hedges, and field edges.
Sorbus domestica is cultivated for both its edible fruits and its ornamental value. The fruits can be eaten fresh after fermentation or used to make jams, jellies, and alcoholic beverages like cider. The wood of the common service tree is hard and durable, making it useful in cabinetry and for the production of musical instruments. The tree is also valued for its resistance to diseases and pests, making it an excellent choice for gardens and parks. Additionally, Sorbus domestica has ecological value, providing food for birds and other wildlife.
