Carpinus betulus is native to Europe and western Asia. The 'Fastigiata' variety, known for its columnar shape, is primarily cultivated as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens across many temperate regions.
Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' is a deciduous tree that can reach a height of 10-15 meters and a width of about 5-7 meters. The main characteristic of this variety is its tightly columnar or pyramidal shape, with branches growing almost vertically. The leaves are oval, serrated, dark green, turning yellow in autumn. The bark is gray and smooth in young specimens but becomes more rugged and fissured with age.
Flowering occurs in spring. Both male and female flowers are present on the same tree (monoecious) and are inconspicuous. Male flowers are drooping catkins, while female flowers are smaller and upright. The fruits are small achenes, each associated with a green wing-like bract that aids in seed dispersal.
Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' thrives in a variety of environmental conditions but prefers fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic soils. It is resistant to both cold and drought once established. It tolerates partial shade well but grows best in full sun. It is often used in formal hedges, tree-lined avenues, and as a standalone tree in gardens and parks.
Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' is highly valued for its compact and columnar form, making it ideal for narrow spaces and creating vertical structures in the garden. It requires regular pruning to maintain its compact and dense shape. Its resilience and adaptability make it a popular choice for urban and suburban landscapes. Additionally, the dense foliage provides an excellent visual and acoustic barrier when used in hedges.
